Slides_WhatIsNopIoT < AFNOG

What is IoT?

An Introduction

Uli Raich (uli.raich@gmail.com)

Formally CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Slide 1 of 22

What is IoT?

Answer: IoT is the Internet of Things
But… what is the Internet of Things?

I hate buzz-words!

Everybody talks about IoT but who does deeply know,

what is hidden behind the acronym.

Who is able to set up an IoT by himself?

Slide 2 of 22

The child and the elephant

Child: “What is an elephant”

Me: An elephant is a grey animal!

Result:

The child has got an answers and does not disturb me any longer
The child thinks that I am clever, because he thinks

I know what an elephant is (which is not true!)
The child does not know much more than before asking

Slide 3 of 22

What should I have done?

Learned about elephants myself
Told him everything about elephants I know myself:
- Where and how they live
- What they eat
- How they behave …
Gone to the zoo (in Europe) or a nature reserve (here in East Africa)

to show him a live elephant.

Slide 4 of 22

What is the “I” in IoT ?

The “I” stands for Internet. This means:

We need a processor (IoT node) that can connect to the Internet.

It must be powerful enough to run Internet protocols and

it needs an interface to the Internet.

Ethernet interface
WiFi interface
GSM
… connection to a gateway with access to the internet

Slide 5 of 22

Standard way to access the Internet

Usually the Internet is used by humans

Typical applications are

WEB browsing
Email
Social media
Telephone and chats

Human to machine or human to human communication.

!IoT: “Things” communicate also without human intervention.

Slide 6 of 22

Things, Sensors, Actuators

Coffee machines, dish washer, washing machine, …
Burglar alarm system
Intelligent farming
Weather station
Scientific measurements
Industrial factory control
Car electronics, ignition system, ABS,…
You name it!

The processor reads the state of “things” though sensors and controls them through actuators.

Our processor needs interfaces to these sensors and actuators.

Slide 7 of 22

The IoT system

We need a system with a number of processors

that read out sensors and/or control actuators

These processors communicate with each other

over the Internet with or without human intervention.

Design decisions:

Which processors?
Which communication protocol
Which GUI to be able to see what is going on?
Which programming language?

Slide 8 of 22

The Raspberry Pi

The Raspberry Pi is a small computer powerful enough to run a full blown Linux operating system: A quad core 1.2 GHz Broadcom 64 bit ARM CPU 1 Gbytes of Ram Ethernet and wireless networks 4 USB2 ports Micro SD connector 40 pin extended GPIO connector with GPIO pins SPI and I2C bus interface Cost ~ 80-100 US $ No ADC

The Raspberry Pi is a small computer powerful enough to run a full blown Linux operating system:

A quad core 1.2 GHz Broadcom 64 bit ARM CPU

1 Gbytes of Ram

Ethernet and wireless networks

4 USB2 ports

Micro SD connector

40 pin extended GPIO connector with

GPIO pins

SPI and I2C bus interface

Cost ~ 80-100 US $

No ADC

Slide 9 of 22

Arduino + WiFi shield

Total cost: ~12-15 US $

Slide 10 of 22

The ideal IoT solution?

ESP8266 or ESP32 processor board ESP8266 specs: WiFi on chip 10 bit ADC on chip 80 kByte RAM 4 Mbyte flash Can run a Micropython interpreter Can be programmed through the Arduino IDE SPI, I2C interfaces 11 GPIO pins Many sensor and actuator boards Can be plugged together without bread board or soldering Cost of processor board: ~ 2.5 US$ ESP32 is even more powerful Cost: ~ 4.5 US$

ESP8266 or ESP32 processor board

ESP8266 specs:

WiFi on chip

10 bit ADC on chip

80 kByte RAM

4 Mbyte flash

Can run a Micropython interpreter

Can be programmed through the Arduino IDE

SPI, I2C interfaces

11 GPIO pins

Many sensor and actuator boards

Can be plugged together without bread board or soldering

Cost of processor board: ~ 2.5 US$

ESP32 is even more powerful
Cost: ~ 4.5 US$

Slide 11 of 22

Communication

MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport: a publish-subscribe based

Message protocol running of top of TCP.

A processor can subscribe to messages of a certain “topic” and/or it can push its

results on a certain topic

Slide 12 of 22

MQTT Demo

Slide 13 of 22

Programming language

Only the data recovered from the communication protocol is seen
Any programming language will do
Cayenne/MQTT libraries are available for
- C, C++
- Python
- Java
- Java Script

Slide 14 of 22

Prototype Board Hardware: Photo-Resistor and LED

The photo resistor and the 1 kΩ resistor form a voltage divider

The LED can be switched on by program and changes the light
Intensity seen by the photo resistor

Slide 15 of 22

Sensor Readout example: Photo-Resistor and LED

The ADC and GPIO driver classes

are already available in micropython.

This makes readout a child’s game.

ESP8266 and ESP32 are powerful enough to run a Micropython interpreter -> Let’s use Python

Slide 16 of 22

Cayenne

Cayenne supplies the MQTT broker
It uses a dedicated format for “topic” and “payload”
We hide these details in a “Cayenne” Python class
Cayenne supplies widgets for display and control

Slide 17 of 22

Cayenne definitions

Slide 18 of 22

Publish to Cayenne

Slide 19 of 22

Results on Cayenne

Slide 20 of 22

... or the history plot

Slide 21 of 22

Do you want to know more?

Unfortunately you missed the workshop on IoT at this conference

But you may have a look at its Twiki server

http://afnog.iotworkshop.africa

… or have a beer with me at the bar!

Slide 22 of 22

-- Uli Raich - 2019-05-27

Comments

I	Attachment	History	Action	Size	Date	Who
png	photoresistorSchema.png	r1	manage	18.2 K	2019-06-06 - 08:29	UliRaich
png	post-office.png	r1	manage	19.7 K	2019-05-27 - 13:35	UliRaich
png	arduinoSpecs.png	r1	manage	27.2 K	2019-05-27 - 13:22	UliRaich
png	protoDriver.png	r1	manage	31.4 K	2019-05-27 - 13:45	UliRaich
png	cayennePublish.png	r1	manage	36.8 K	2019-05-27 - 14:03	UliRaich
png	mqttPostOfffice.png	r1	manage	50.2 K	2019-05-27 - 13:39	UliRaich
png	cayenneDefs.png	r1	manage	60.1 K	2019-05-27 - 14:03	UliRaich
png	proto.png	r1	manage	114.2 K	2019-05-27 - 13:43	UliRaich
png	cayenneProtoHistory.png	r1	manage	114.5 K	2019-05-27 - 14:08	UliRaich
png	cayenneProtoResult.png	r1	manage	115.8 K	2019-05-27 - 14:08	UliRaich
png	cayenneStart.png	r1	manage	146.3 K	2019-05-27 - 13:17	UliRaich
png	rpiBoard.png	r1	manage	148.6 K	2019-05-27 - 13:17	UliRaich
png	mqttDemo.png	r1	manage	191.3 K	2019-05-27 - 13:36	UliRaich
png	wifishield.png	r1	manage	200.8 K	2019-05-27 - 13:17	UliRaich
png	cayenne.png	r1	manage	221.2 K	2019-05-27 - 13:17	UliRaich
png	mega.png	r1	manage	258.9 K	2019-05-27 - 13:17	UliRaich
png	shields.png	r1	manage	388.3 K	2019-05-27 - 13:36	UliRaich
png	elephant.png	r1	manage	453.3 K	2019-05-27 - 12:42	UliRaich
png	child.png	r1	manage	772.4 K	2019-05-27 - 12:42	UliRaich
png	protoBoard.png	r1	manage	882.8 K	2019-05-27 - 13:36	UliRaich

This topic: AFNOG > WebHome > AFNOGWorkshop2019 > AFNOG-2019Slides > Talk > Slides_WhatIsNopIoT
Topic revision: r2 - 2019-06-06 - UliRaich

An IntroductionUli Raich (uli.raich@gmail.com)Formally CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

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An Introduction

Uli Raich (uli.raich@gmail.com)

Formally CERN, Geneva, Switzerland